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Top 20 Manual Testing Interview Questions

1. What is Software Testing?

Answer:
Software Testing is the process of verifying and validating that a software application works according to the specified requirements and is free from defects.

2. What is Manual Testing?

Answer:
Manual Testing is testing performed by a human tester without using automation tools to identify defects and verify application functionality.

3. What is SDLC?

Answer:
SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) is the process followed to develop software.

Phases:

  • Requirement Analysis
  • Design
  • Development
  • Testing
  • Deployment
  • Maintenance

4. What is STLC?

Answer:
STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) consists of:

  • Requirement Analysis
  • Test Planning
  • Test Case Design
  • Environment Setup
  • Test Execution
  • Defect Reporting
  • Test Closure

5. What is the difference between Verification and Validation?

Verification

  • Reviews documents
  • No execution
  • Static testing

Validation

  • Executes application
  • Dynamic testing
  • Checks actual behavior

6. What is a Test Case?

A document containing:

  • Test Steps
  • Preconditions
  • Expected Result
  • Actual Result
  • Status

7. What is a Test Scenario?

A high-level functionality to be tested.

Example:

Scenario

Verify Login Functionality

Test Cases:

  • Login with valid user
  • Invalid password
  • Blank username
  • Locked account

8. What is Bug Life Cycle?

Stages:

  • New
  • Assigned
  • Open
  • Fixed
  • Retest
  • Closed

Possible alternate:

  • Reopen

9. What is Severity vs Priority?

Severity

  • Impact on application

Priority

  • How quickly it should be fixed

10. What is Regression Testing?

Re-testing existing functionality after code changes to ensure nothing else is broken.

11. What is Smoke Testing?

Basic testing performed after every build to verify whether the application is stable enough for further testing.

12. What is Sanity Testing?

Testing performed after minor code changes or bug fixes.

13. Difference between Smoke and Sanity Testing?

SmokeSanity
New BuildBug Fix
Broad TestingNarrow Testing
Checks stabilityChecks specific functionality

14. What is Exploratory Testing?

Testing performed without predefined test cases by exploring the application.

15. What is Retesting?

Testing a fixed defect again to verify the issue has been resolved.

16. What is Regression Suite?

A collection of test cases executed during regression testing.

17. What is UAT?

User Acceptance Testing is performed by business users to verify whether the application meets business requirements.

18. What is Positive Testing?

Testing with valid input.

Example:

Correct Username

Correct Password

19. What is Negative Testing?

Testing with invalid input.

Example:

Wrong Password

Blank Username

Invalid Email

20. Explain the defect report.

A defect report usually contains:

  • Defect ID
  • Summary
  • Steps to Reproduce
  • Expected Result
  • Actual Result
  • Severity
  • Priority
  • Screenshots
  • Environment
  • Status

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